Martha Graham (May 11, 1894 – April 1, 1991) was an American dancer and choreographer, widely regarded as a pioneer of modern dance. Born in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, she moved with her family to California during her youth. Inspired by a performance of Ruth St. Denis, Graham pursued dance studies at the Denishawn School, where she trained under St. Denis and Ted Shawn. In 1926, she established the Martha Graham Dance Company in New York City. Graham developed the “Graham technique,” emphasizing contraction and release, which became foundational in modern dance. Over her seven-decade career, she choreographed more than 180 works, drawing inspiration from diverse sources such as modern painting, the American frontier, Native American ceremonies, and Greek mythology. Her notable works include “Lamentation” (1930), “Appalachian Spring” (1944), and “Cave of the Heart” (1946). Graham’s influence extended beyond her choreography; she mentored numerous dancers and choreographers, including Merce Cunningham and Paul Taylor. Her contributions earned her numerous accolades, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1976 and the National Medal of Arts in 1985. Martha Graham’s legacy endures through the continued performances of her company and the widespread teaching of her technique.
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